In Hebrew, baw-rek-ath, the
third stone in the first row of the high priest's breastplate, according to
the authorized version, but the first stone in the second row, according to
the Septuagint. Braun, a writer on the sacerdotal vestments of the Hebrews,
Amsterdam, 1680 supposes that the baw-rek-ath was a smaragd.us or emerald,
which view is sustained by Kalisch, and is in accordance with the Septuagint
translation. The Talmudists derive baw-rek-ath from a word signifying to shine
with the brightness of fire, which would seem to indicate some stone of a
coruscate or sparkling color, and would apply to the bright green of the
emerald as well as to the bright red of the carbuncle. The stone, whatever it
was, was referred to the tribe of Judah.
The carbuncle in Christian iconography signifies blood and suffering, and is
symbolical of the Lord's passion. Five carbuncles placed on a cross symbolize
the five wounds of Christ.
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