---

Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt

By James Henry Breasted

---

Index

Aba: proper name, 366

Absorption of divine qualities, 129

Abusir, 11, 70, 74, 78, 82

Abydos, 26, 38, 39, 64, 86, 96, 100, 159, 179, 256, 259, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 341

Administration, 238

Admonitions of an Egyptian sage, 199

Admonitions of Ipuwer, 204 ff., 213, 230, 243 n., 245, 249, 257, 318, 348

Akhetaton: Tell el-Amarna, 322 f., 330

Akhikar, story of, 215, 247

Alexander the Great, 16

Amamu, coffin, 273 n.

Amenemhet I: king, 202, 203

Amenemhet II: king, 285

Amenemhet III: king, 73

"Amenhotep": meaning, 321

Amenhotep III: king, 52, 310, 315, 319, 320, 322

Amenhotep IV: king, 319 ff.

Ameni of Benihasan, 240 n., 248, 252

Amenmose: scribe, 271

Amon: god, 310, 318, 321, 322, 342, 344, 345, 346, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 360, 363, 364

Amon-Re: god, 318 Amon-Re-Wennofer: Osiris, 360

Ancestors, respect for, 270

Ani and wife: scribe, 306 f.

Anubis: god of the dead, 27, 33, 37, 62, 100, 113, 131, 149, 225, 259, 260, 261, 266, 270, 284, 290, 304, 358 f.

Api, Amarna hymn of, 316 n.

Apophis: deity, 283

Art as affected by Aton faith, 336

"Ascendest": use of word, 161

"Ascending": meaning, 276 n.

Ascending by Day: Chapters of, 276, 294

Ascent of the sky, 109, 154

Atlas: Greek deity, 11

Aton as universal creator, 332

Aton faith, 322 ff., 347

Aton, fatherly solicitude, 334

Aton, source of life, 333

Atum: Sun-god, 8, 9, 11, 13, 18, 19, 36, 42, 44, 45, 76, 96, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 123, 125, 127, 154, 157, 161, 185, 254, 275, 279, 282, 319 ff., 346 f., 350, 354, 361

 

Ba: soul, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62, 265 n.

Ba, soul, began to exist at death, 56

Babi: demon, 303

Barque of Osiris, 288

Bastet: goddess, 173

Bata: god in folk-tale, 358 f.

Beetle, sacred, 308

Beliefs, archaic, 50

Ben (ben-ben) at Heliopolis, 11, 76, 330

Blessedness hereafter. See Felicity

Bodily members enumerated, 110

Body, part of personality, 55

Body, permanent survival, 70

Body, resuscitation of, 57, 61

"Book of him who is in the Nether World," 297

Book of the Dead, 22, 34, 134, 253 n., 272, 273, 274, 277, 281, 284, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 301, 308, 309, 318 n., 337 n., 338, 341, 354

Book of the Dead: genesis of, 293 f.

"Book of the Gates," 297

"Book of the Two Ways," 283, 297

Busiris: Dedu, 39

Buto: capital of Delta, 86, 118, 145

Byblos: place name, 26

 

Calendar of festivals, 68, 77, 260, 267 n., 290

Cartouches: use of, 320

Celebrations, religious, 68

Celestial hereafter, 101, 159, 274, 276

Celestial hereafter not Osirian, 142, 148

Celestial Nile, 122

Celestial ocean, 10

Celestial revenues of Pharaoh, 131

Ceremonial transgressions, 303

p. 372

Ceremonial washings, 254

Chapel, tomb-, 62

Character, personal, 179, 238, 302, 336

Charm: quoted, 133

Charm to open gates of sky, 114

Charms, 93, 94, 135, 292, 307

Charms against dangers of hereafter, 296

Charms, collections of, 281

Charms in mortuary texts, 292

Charms in Pyramid Texts, 80 n.

Charms, Pyramid Texts used as, 94

Charms: Ushebtis, 295

Coffin Texts, 23 n., 253, 255, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 293, 294

Coffins, inscribed, 272

Commercial relations, 314

Communion with god, 354, 355

Concrete forms of thought, 246

"Confession," negative, 301

Conscience, 198, 297, 354

Crimes denied, 302

Cult, 7

 

Dahshur, pyramid, 73, 81

Daily life, pictured in Pyramid Texts, 88

Dangers of hereafter, 282

Dead, designations of, 56 n.

Dead, dreaded as demons, 292

Dead lived near the tomb, 51

Dead, malice of, 284

Dead, place of the, 99

Dead, realms of the, 70 ff., 118 ff.

Dead, required restoration of senses, 58 f.

Dead, sojourn in Nether World, 276

Dead, transformations of, 277, 296

Dead, two beliefs as to abode, 51

Death, protest against, 91

Death, views of, 190

Debhen: official, 65

Declaration of innocence, 301 8., 308

Dedication of pyramid and temple, 75

Der el-Bahri: Thebes, 16, 287 n.

"Devouress": demon, 306

Dewamutef, son of Horus, 112, 133

Dewat, 122, 136, 139, 144

Dialogue form of discourse, 247

Dialogue of a Misanthrope, 183 ff., 199, 203, 215, 230, 238, 245, 246, 250, 358 n.

 

East: place of ascent of sky, 116

"East": place of the dead, 101, 102

"East of the sky" more sacred than West, 104

East of the Sky, place of living again, 102

Edfu: place name, 9

Editors of Pyramid Texts, 93

Egyptian thinking, graphic, 7, 219 f., 246

Eloquent Peasant, tale of the. See Tale

Endowments, testamentary, 67, 81, 270

"Ennead": meaning, 42

Equipment of the dead, material, 75, 84

"Equipped": meaning, 169

"Equipped" mouths, 94

"Equipped" one, 60

Ethical decadence, 309

Ethical ordeal, future. See Judgment

Ethical requirements, 338

Ethical significance of Osiris, 255

Ethical teaching in Osirian faith, 176

Ethics, 336

Exorcism, 292

"Expeller of Deceit," 175

Eye of Horus. See Horus-Eye

Eye of Khnum, 107

 

Faculties, reconstitution of, 61

Falcon, 133, 274, 320

Falcon, sacred bird of Sun-god, 109

Falcon, symbol of Horus, 9

Feast, oldest religious, 39

Feasts, calendar of. See Calendar Feasts, list of, 267

Felicity in hereafter, 135, 177, 257

Felicity, not dependent on material means, 84

Ferry-boat over Lily-lake, 105 f.

Ferrying over, 155, 157

Ferryman, 119, 130, 157

Ferryman of Re, 172

Festivals, Osirian, 289

Fetekta, servant of Re, 119

Field of Life, 136

Field of Offering, 133, 137

Field of Rushes, 161, 172

Filial piety, 167

"First of the Westerners," 38, 100, 104 n., 143, 159, 162, 258, 286, 289

Floats of reeds, two, 108, 158

p. 373

Folk-religion: Osirian, 285

Folk-tales, 10, 46

"Followers of Horus," 171, 306

"Followers of Osiris," 158

Food supply in hereafter, 129, 281

Forty-two gods of judgment, 299 ff.

Funeral barge, 286

Funerary furniture, prehistoric, 50

Funerary ritual, 93

Future, ultimate, 196

 

Gasuti, bull of the sky (Saturn), 112

Gates of celestial country opened, 114

Geb: Earth-god, 9, 11, 18, 21, 22, 24, 30, 34, 36, 41, 42, 58, 63, 111, 113, 117, 118 n., 139, 143, 172, 173, 280

Gebga: mysterious scribe, 282

Genii of the dead, four, 156, 157

Gizeh: place name, 258

Gizeh, cemetery, 83, 84

Gizeh, pyramids of, 15

"Glorious," 56 n.

"Glorious," dead called, 94

"Glorious one," 60, 148, 162, 265 n.

"Gods," 322

Gods, possible hostility of, 115

Graphic forms of thought, 7, 219 f., 246

"Grasper of Forelocks," 127

"Great God, Lord of the Sky," 171

 

Hammurabi, laws of. 246

Hapi, son of Horus, 112, 133

Hapu: vizier, 239 n.

Hapuseneb: High-priest of Amon, 319 n.

Harakhte: Horus of Horizon, 9, 109, 121, 155, 156, 318, 320

Hardedef: son of Khufu, 182, 184

Harhotep, tomb of, 256 n.

Harhotep: tomb inscriptions, 273 n., 282 n.

Harkhuf of Elephantine, 169

Harmhab: king, 345

Harsaphes: god, 361

Hathor, the eye of Re: goddess, 124, 253, 278, 279

Hatshepsut: queen, 287 n., 319 n.

"Heart": seat of intelligence, 44, 55, 59

Heart scarab, 308, 339, 340 n.

Heliopolis, 10, 11, 15, 28, 33, 34, 40, 43, 44, 71, 72, 76, 110, 116, 118 n., 147, 148, 152, 175, 176, 199, 250, 251, 275, 281, 303, 321, 354, 361

Heliopolitan theology, 149, 336

Hepzefi of Slut, 67, 259, 270, 289

Hereafter as a place of dangers, 281

Hereafter, conception of, 278

Hereafter, continuation of life in, 49 f., 81, 280

Hereafter, dangers of, 296 Hereafter, democratization of, 252, 257

Hereafter, glorious, 103

Hereafter, material welfare in, 165

Hereafter, Osirian, 285

Hereafter, Osirian doctrine, 159

Hereafter, royal felicity in, 88

Hereafter, royal survival in, 75

Hereafter, sojourn in, 53

Hereafter, Solar and Osirian conceptions, 140

Hereafter, views of, 295

Heralds announcing the king, 118

Herodotus, 277, 288, 290, 367

High Priest of Amon, 319

Hor: architect, 315, 326 n.

Horus: god, 8, 9, 10, 18, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 53, 57, 59, 62, 63, 78, 81, 86, 100, 105, 108, 112, 118, 119, 120, 122, 133, 140, 143, 145, 147, 148, 152, 154, 160, 162, 164, 166, 172, 173, 175, 236, 254, 255, 278, 284, 288, 290, 303, 306, 345

Horus, battle with Set, 31

Horus, filial piety of, 29

Horus, good offices to the king, 146

Horus of Dewat, 133

Horus of the East, 155 f.

Horus of the Gods, 155 f.

Horus of the Horizon, 155 f., 318

Horus of the Shesmet, 155 f.

Horus, Solar, 41

Horus, sons of, 111, 112 n., 133, 156, 175

Horus-Eye, 12, 13, 31, 59, 78, 104, 107 n., 162, 278

Horuses, four. 9, 114, 124, 133, 154, 155, 156, 157, 172

Hostile creatures to dead, 51

Hymn, magical, to Sun-god, 121

Hymn to Amon, 345 f., 349, 350

Hymn to Aton, royal, 329

Hymn to Osiris, 348

Hymn to Osiris as Nile, 96

Hymn to Sun, earliest, 13

Hymn to Sun-god. 124, 310, 312, 315

Hymn to the Sky-goddess, 96, 148

p. 374

Hymn to the Sun, 95, 96, 98, 211 n.

Hymns, ancient religious, 93

Hymns not necessarily charms, 95

Hymns, old, 355

Hymns, religious, 97

Hymns to Aton, 321, 323, 336, 361

Hymns to the gods, 17

 

Ideals, practical, 356

Ikhernofret: officer, 287 ff.

"Ikhnaton": meaning, 322

Ikhnaton: king, 344, 345 n., 363

Imhotep: architect of Zoser, 182, 184

Immorality, 356

Immortality, 179, 184

"Immortality" not an Egyptian belief, 61

Imperialism, effect on religion, 313

Imperial power, reaction on thought, 5

"Imperishable Ones": the dead, 101

Imperishable Stars, 92, 107, 130, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 149, 158, 159, 163, 279

Imset, son of Horus, 112, 133

Incense, significance of, 126

Inmutef: priestly title, 14

Innocence, declaration of, 301 ff., 308

Innocence of evil-doing, 168

Installation of the Vizier, 239, 246, 248, 249, 348

Instruction of Amenemhet, 247, 249 n.

Intef: baron, 271

Intelligence, part of personality, 55

Inti of Deshasheh, 171

Ipuwer, Admonitions of, 204 ff., 213, 230, 243 n., 245, 249, 257, 318, 348

Irreconcilable beliefs, 163 f.

Isesi: king, 228

Isis: goddess, 9, 11, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 57, 104 n., 113, 119, 125, 135, 137, 145, 147, 154, 156, 162, 286, 290, 304, 306, 368

 

Jackal, a god of the west, 120

Judge in the hereafter, 176

Judgment, future, 169, 173, 179, 253, 256, 294, 297, 299 ff., 309, 338

Judgment: Osirian, 307

"Justice," 174 n.

Justice, 238, 242, 244, 252, 253

Justice to the poor, 226

Justification of the dead, 54, 178, 197, 254, 255, 339

Justification, Solar, 174

Justification through magic, 309

"Justified," 33, 147, 175, 256 n.

 

Ka (kas), 45, 52f., 55, 57 n., 69 n., 76, 77, 111, 112, 122, 130, 134, 137, 174, 267, 275, 283, 284, 286, 305, 352

Ka a superior genius, 52

Ka, exclusive possession of king, 55

Ka, not an element of personality, 55

Kebehet, daughter of Anubis, 112, 113, 116, 136

Kebehsenuf, son of Horus, 112, 133

Kegemne: vizier, 228

Kerkeru: scribe of Osiris, 277

Khafre: king, 15, 68

Khai: proper name, 352

Khekheperre-sonbu: priest, 199, 200, 230, 238, 247, 250

Khenti-Amentiu: "First of the Westerners," 38, 143

Khepri: Sun-god, 9, 10, 13, 112, 161, 316

Kheti: vizier, 241, 244

Khnumhotep of Benihasan, 267, 271, 286

Khufu: king, 15, 182, 184, 271

King. See also Pharaoh

King as counsellor of Re, 120

King became Osiris, 145 f.

King identified with god, 160

King not exempt from judgment, 172, 177

Kingship, conception of, 17

Kingship, relation of Osiris to, 39

Kingship, the idealized, 251

 

Ladder to sky, 111, 112, 116, 153, 156, 158

"Landing": euphemism for "death," 92

Laws of Egypt, 248

Lexicography of Pyramid Texts, 90

Life after death, 49 f. See also Hereafter

Life-giving power of Aton, Sun-god, 333

Life hereafter, indefinite, 81

"Lily-lake," 105 f., 116, 125 n., 139, 279

Literary quality of Pyramid Texts, 97

"Look-behind, "the ferryman, 105 f.

Luxor, 16, 52

p. 375

Mafdet: deity, 133

Magic, 284, 309. See also Charms Magic and magic power, 94, 95

Magic in hereafter, 290, 292, 307

Magic jar, 106

Magical agencies, 281, 339

Magical charm, 338 n.

Magical charms, 93

Magical devices, 132

Magical equipment, mortuary, 60

Magical formulæ, 291

Magical hymn to Sun-god, 121

Magical power, 116

Mastaba reliefs, 113

Mat: goddess of truth, 173, 255, 338

Material equipment of the dead, 62, 362

Medum, pyramids, 83

Memphis, 43, 241, 361

Memphite theology, 46, 166

Menkure: king, 15

Meri: architect, 258

Merire: Pepi I, 172

Mernere: king, 19, 77, 84, 85, 108, 160, 172

Messianic kingdom, 251

Messianism, 212 ff.

Methen, keeper of gate of sky, 119

"Mighty": used of the dead, 61

Migration of literary materials, 215

Mnevis: sacred bull, 321 n.

Mohammed, 234 n.

Monotheism, 6, 315

Monotheistic phrases, 347

"Mooring": euphemism for "death," 92, 186

Moral aspirations limited, 176

Moral consciousness, 37, 306, 336

Moral decadence, 209

Moral distinctions, 309

Moral earnestness, 238

Moral ideals, 238

Moral ideas, 8

Moral life obligation to, 187

Moral obligations, 250, 251

Moral ordeal in future. See Judgment

Moral requirements, 253

Moral responsibility, 170, 253, 307, 309

Moral sense, 33, 309

Moral sense, emergence of, 165

Moral thinking, 252

Moral unworthiness, 251

Moral unworthiness of society, 202

Moral values, 5

Moral worthiness, 173, 304

Moral worthiness, claims of, 167

Morning Star, 133, 134, 138, 173, 284

Mortuary belief dominated by magic, 284

Mortuary contracts, 260

Mortuary gifts, 258, 270

Mortuary inscriptions, 248, 285

Mortuary literature, 272

Mortuary magical equipment. 60

Mortuary maintenance, 78

Mortuary paintings, 56

Mortuary practices, 259, 362

Mortuary practices, Osirian, 62

Mortuary priest, servant of the ka, 54

Mortuary priests, 98, 270

Mortuary processions, 260, 266

Mortuary statuettes: Ushebtis, 295

Mortuary texts, 253, 273, 366

Mortuary texts for king only, 99

Mortuary texts on rolls, 293

Mummy, devices to make it a living body, 59

Mythology of Egypt, 46

Myths, 12, 85, 355

Myths, fragments of old, 93

Myths, lost, 91

Myths, old, 96

 

Nakht-Amon: painter, 351

Name, 107, 116, 134, 301

Name, good, on earth, 188

National organization, first, 5

Nebre: painter, 351

Neferhotep: priest, 182, 185

Neferhotepes, queen, 82

Neferirkere, king, 16, 78, 82

Neferkere: Pepi II, 139, 146, 174

"Negative confession," 301

Neit: goddess, 125

Nekheb, 130

Nekhtyoker: prince, 271

Nekure, prince, 68

Nemaathap: royal mother, 81

Neper: harvest god, 277

Nephthys: goddess, 9, 11, 26, 27, 30, 32, 34, 38, 59 n., 97, 104 n., 113, 119, 125, 137, 145, 147, 154, 156, 162, 304

Neshmet barque, 289

Nether World, 99, 144, 160, 276, 281

Nether World the domain of Osiris, 36

New Year celebrations, 261

p. 376

Nile, 21

Nile as Osiris, 333

Nile, influence on Egyptian religion, 8

Nile-god, 52

Nun: god, 34, 125, 133

Nuserre: king, 82

Nut: Sky-goddess, 11, 24, 95, 123, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 143, 148, 161, 162, 279, 317

 

Obelisk, 15

Obelisk: symbol of Sun-god, 70

Offering ritual, 79, 90 n., 150, 151, 159

Offerings for king, 78

Offerings for the dead, 62

Offerings to the dead: Horus-eye, 59

Official conduct, 238

Onkhu: priest, 200

Ophir of the Old Testament, 66

Orion: the sky, 128, 139, 144, 277, 284

Osirian editing of texts, 172 n., 276

Osirian ethics, 309

Osirian faith, 37 f., 78, 102, 139, 157, 176, 274, 285, 304, 307, 310, 367

Osirian faith: popular religion, 140, 142

Osirian litigation at Heliopolis, 175

Osirian "passion play," 26, 287, 290, 341

Osirian point of view, 42

Osirian theology, 43, 148

Osirianization of Egyptian religion, 142 ff., 176

Osirianization of hereafter, 276

Osirianization of Pyramid Texts, 150 ff.

Osiris: god, 8, 9, 11, 18 ff., 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 53, 57 n., 59, 62, 73 n., 74, 75, 76, 96, 97, 100, 104 n., 119, 139, 140, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 170, 171, 174, 176, 188, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 276, 277, 278, 284, 285, 286, 288, 289, 290, 299, 301, 304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 337, 338, 340, 341, 348, 360, 362, 365, 367

Osiris, a mortuary god, 54

Osiris and Set, correlation of, 40

Osiris as judge, 255

Osiris as Nile, 18, 146

Osiris as sea or ocean, 20

Osiris, associated with vegetable life, 22

Osiris barque, 256 n.

Osiris celestialized, 149

Osiris, charges against, 32

Osiris, identifications of, 23

Osiris, identified with soil or earth, 21

Osiris, lord of Dewat, 150

Osiris myth, 24, 37, 63, 145, 152, 251, 284, 287, 288, 290

Osiris receives the kingdom, 36

Osiris Solarized, 160

Osiris, source of fertility, 20

Osiris, the principle of life, 23

Osiris, triumph of, 33

Osiris-Apis: Serapis, 367

Osiris-Wennofer: god, 306

 

Paheri: prince, 298

Pai: painter, 351

Pantheism, 312, 357

Pantheistic speculations, 362

Papremis: place name, 288, 290

"Passion play": Osirian, 287, 290, 341

Pepi: king, 53, 57, 58, 76, 78, 81, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 150, 153, 158, 162, 163, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178

Pepi I: king, 19, 84, 85, 154, 158

Pepi I, addressed as Osiris, 19

Pepi II, king, 19, 66, 76, 79, 81, 85, 111, 112

Pepi II, as Osiris, 19

Persen: noble, 82

Personal aspiration to god, 349

Personal relation to god, 349

Personality, Egyptian conception, 51, 55, 61, 70, 179, 181

Personality never dissociated from body, 56

Pessimism, 203, 216, 249, 257

Pharaoh, 15, 16, 17, 64, 70, 75, 81, 100, 103, 105, 114, 117, 130 n., 135, 154, 173, 240, 272, 310, 318, 319, 320, 364

Pharaoh a cosmic figure, 125

Pharaoh as priest before Re, 121

Pharaoh as son of Sun-god, 122

Pharaoh becomes a great god, 123

p. 377

Pharaoh, deceased, as scribe of Re, 120

Pharaoh, entrance to sky, 149

Pharaoh, identified with Re, 122

Pharaoh on Sun-god's throne, 124

Pharaoh preying on the gods, 127

Pharaoh receives homage as Sun-god, 125

Pharaoh. See also King

Phœnix, 11, 71, 72, 77, 274, 278, 296, 300

Physical restoration of dead, 57

Pilgrimages to Abydos, 285

Pleasure, life of, 194

Plutarch, 25, 28

Poetic form of the Pyramid Texts, 97

Poor, complaints of the, 219

Popularization of mortuary customs, 272

Portrait statues, 65, 168, 179, 259, 267

Prayer, 355

Prayer for the dead: effectiveness, 272

Prayers for dead king, 93

Prayers in Pyramid Texts, 80 n.

Prayers used as charms, 95

"Prepared" one, 60

Priesthood, 179, 309, 342

Priesthood of Amon, 319, 321

Priesthood, political, 363

Priesthood, state, 142

Priests, maintenance of, 81

"Primæval," title of Osiris, 22

Privileges accruing from endowments, 68

Procession, Osirian, 289

Psychology of the dead, 61

Ptah: god, 11, 43, 44, 45 n., 47, 278, 361

Ptah-tatenen: god, 45, 46

Punt: Ophir, 66

Purification of the dead, 103, 155, 171

Pyramid, 15, 140

Pyramid causeway, 74

Pyramid complex, 74

Pyramid residence city, 75

Pyramid, sacred symbol, 70

Pyramid, symbol of Sun-god, 320

Pyramid temple, 74

Pyramid Texts, 10, 12, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 31, 33 n., 34, 35, 38, 40, 52, 56, 57, 60, 61, 63, 69 n., 72, 73 n., 77, 79, 84, 85, 87, 97, 101, 102, 103, 104, 114, 115, 122, 124, 126, 131, 135, 142, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 155, 158, 159, 163, 171, 172, 175, 176 n., 177, 178, 209, 250, 251, 254, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 285, 294, 310, 312, 318, 320, 358

Pyramid Texts: a compilation, 92

Pyramid Texts: a terra incognita, 90

Pyramid Texts: function to insure king felicity in hereafter, 88, 92

Pyramid Texts not a coherent whole, 135 f.

Pyramid Texts not used by nobles, 99

Pyramid Texts Osirianized, 150 ff.

Pyramid Texts recited, 98 Pyramid-tomb, 72, 74

Pyramidion (ben-ben), 71

Pyramids, 178, 179

Pyramids, inscribed, 84

Pyramids: material equipment, 84

 

Ramses II: king, 364

Ramses IV: king, 18

Rationalism of Ikhnaton, 333

Re: Sun-god, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 24, 33, 36, 43, 53, 66, 78, 79, 87, 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 148, 149, 152, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 185, 187, 196, 211, 221, 225, 245, 250, 251, 252, 253, 274, 275, 277, 279, 281, 285, 304, 305, 310, 324, 328, 337, 346, 350

Re-Atum: Solar god, 10, 119, 120, 139, 160, 161, 274

Re-Harakhte: god, 354

Re-Khepri: god, 21

Reed floats, two, 108, 158

Rekhmire: vizier, 239 n.

Religious development institutional, 363.

Religious faculty, the, 4

Religious literature, ancient, 98

Renaissance, 365

Responsibility, personal, 297

Resurrection of Osiris, 31 f., 39, 160, 238, 341

Resurrection the act of a god, 57

"Righteousness," 174–175, 253, 254 n., 310

Ritual at Abydos, 96

p. 378

Ritual for benefit of king, 77

Ritual, funerary and offering, 93

Ritual of Aton, 329

Ritual of offerings, 79 n.

Ritual of worship, 93

Royal cemetery, Abydos, 64

 

Sahure, king, 82, 168

Sakkara: pyramids at, 84

Sails, goddess of cataract, 103

Scarab, 31

Scepticism, 179, 185, 257

Sebek-o: coffin of, 73 n.

Sebni of Elephantine, 62, 65

Sed-Feast, 39

Sehetepibre: stela, 258 n.

Sehpu: herald of king, 118

Sekhem: son of Osiris, 152

Sekhmet: goddess, 82

Self-consciousness, 198

Serapis: Osiris, 367

Serket: goddess, 125

Serpent-charms, 95, 135

Sesenebnef: official, 253

Sesostris I: king, 71, 202, 258, 286

Sesostris II: king, 199

Sesostris III: king, 287

Set: god, 14, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41, 53, 59, 78, 79, 104, 105, 112, 118 n., 119, 125, 143, 152, 153, 154, 157, 161, 166, 288

Set, enemy of Osiris, 41

Set, symbol of darkness, 40

Set-Horus feud, Osirian absorption of, 41

Seti I: king, 20

Shesha, 112

Shesmu, 128

Shu: god, 11, 19, 34, 77, 113, 114, 133, 360

Sky, east of, place of living again, 102

Sky, place of future blessedness, 99

Snefru: king, 81, 82, 228

Social classes, 246

Social conditions, 208

Social ethics, 228

Social forces, 199 ff.

Social ideals, 212, 214 f.

Social justice, 5, 216, 226, 243, 244, 246, 249, 252, 349, 353, 356

Society, redemption of, 215

Sokar: god, 21, 175

Solar barque, 122, 130, 253, 283

Solar faith, 74, 102, 176, 310, 319, 338, 346

Solar faith: state theology, 140, 142

Solar henotheism, 43

Solar hereafter, 139, 145

Solar monotheism, 322

Solar pantheism, 360

Solar theology, 43, 148, 149, 160, 250, 312, 313, 321, 336, 337

Solar universalism, 319

Solarization of Osiris, 250

"Son of Re": title of kings, 15

Song of mourning, 179 f.

Song of the Harper, 180 f., 185, 191, 194, 250

Song, palace, 17

Soped: Solar god, 74 n.

Sothis, star of Isis, 22, 284

Sovereignty of Re, 174

Speculation among common people, 357

State religion: Solar, 285

Statues, portrait funerary, 69

Status of dead king, 120

Stelæ erected at Abydos, 285

Subterranean hereafter, 159–160, 276, 277, 310, 367

Subterranean journey of the dead, 297

Subterranean kingdom of the dead. 37

Sun as Re, 10

Sun, influence on Egyptian religion, 8

Sun's disk: symbol of Aton, 320

Sun-god, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 25, 39, 40, 45 n., 62, 70, 71, 72, 76, 78, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 129, 131, 142, 155, 157, 158, 159, 171, 176, 188, 196, 211, 245, 251, 253, 274, 275, 304, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 317, 319, 320, 322, 323, 331, 337, 353, 359, 360, 365

Sun-god and Osiris, correlation of, 39

Sun-god, identification with, 274

Sun-god supreme, 12

Sun-god's realm, 315

Sun-gods, old local, 43

Sun-hymn, earliest, 13

Sun-hymn used as charm, 98

Suti: architect, 315, 326 n.

Symbol of god Aton, 320

 

Tale of the Eloquent Peasant, 228 n., 230, 239, 245, 249, 250

Tale of the Two Brothers, 21, 26, 136 n., 215, 216, 358 f.

p. 379

"Teaching" of Ikhnaton, 340

Tefnut: goddess, 11, 19, 77, 114, 133

Tell el-Amarna, 322 f.

Teti: king, 57, 59, 85, 106, 114, 123, 133, 137, 138, 142, 147, 154, 155, 158, 178

Thoth: god, 12, 34, 35, 45, 81, 107, 119, 129, 137, 147, 224, 254, 255, 278, 284, 288, 289, 290, 304, 305, 306

Thutenakht: official, 217 ff.

Thutmose I: king, 313

Thutmose III: king, 239 n., 298, 310, 313, 314, 318, 363

Thutmose IV: king, 239 n.

Tomb, 257

Tomb at Abydos, 285

Tomb-building, 258

Tomb decoration, 262, 366

Tomb: duty of son to provide, 63

Tomb, monumental, 62

Tomb, royal, 75, 103

Tomb, royal, of sacred significance, 72

Tombs, 178, 259, 362

Tombs of First Dynasty, 64

Tombs, restoration of, 270

Tombs: Tell el-Amarna, 323

Translation of king to sky, 137 f.

Transmigration of souls, 277

Tree of life, 133

"Triumphant," 33

Troja: quarries, 65, 258

"Truth," 166, 225 n., 299 n., 304, 337

Tutenkhamon: king, 344 f.

Tutu, Amarna hymn of, 316 n.

"Two Truths," 34

 

Uneg: son and body-servant of Re, 121

Unis: king, 18, 58, 85, 87, 91, 93, 98, 100, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 116, 119, 120, 123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 137, 146, 150, 151, 153, 154, 158, 174, 178, 320

Unis, king, identified with Nile, 18

Universalism, 314, 315, 348

Universalism, Solar, 331

Unweariable stars, 279

Upwawet: god, 32, 145, 259, 260, 264, 266, 270, 288, 289

Uræus, 110

Usages of religion, 7

Userkaf: king, 68, 167

Ushebtis: Respondents, 295, 340 n.

"Utterances": Pyramid Texts, 93, 98

 

"Victorious," 33

Vignettes in Book of Dead, 294

"Vital principle identified with breath, 55

Vizier: vizierate, 240, 243

Vocabulary of Pyramid Texts, 90

Votive offerings, 287

Voyage with Re across the sky, 121

 

Wag-Feast, 266

Wealth, 357

Wennofer: Osiris, 289, 299, 306

Weshptah: vizier, 66

"West" the place of dead, 100, 101

Wisdom literature, 227 n.

Wisdom of Ptahhotep, 216, 226 ff.. 240, 245, 246, 252, 339

World-religion, 332

Woser: vizier, 239 n.

 

Yemen-kau, 139

 

Zau: name, 64, 66, 167

Zoser: king, 182, 184