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The Mystics of Islam

By Reynold A. Nicholson

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INDEX

Abdal, 124.
‘Abdallah Ansari, 89.
‘Abd al-Rahim ibn al-Sabbagh, 89.
Abraham, 153.
Abrar, 124.
Absal, 116.
Abu ‘Abdallah of Mosul, 144.
Abu ‘Abdallah al-Razi, 51.
Abu ‘Ali of Sind, 17.
Abu Hamza, 62.
Abu ’l-Hasan Khurqani, 87, 133 ff., 145.
Abu ’l-Khayr al-Aqta, 61.
Abu Nasr al-Sarraj, 157.
Abu Sa‘id ibn Abi ’l-Khayr, 49, 90, 118.
Adam, 64, 150, 161.
‘Afifuddin al-Tilimsani, 93, 164, 165, See Niffari.
Ahl al-Haqq, 1.
Ahmad ibn al-Hawari, 11.
ahwal, 29.
Akhyar, 124.
Ala’uddin Attar, 143, 144, 146.
Alexander of Aphrodisias, 151.
Al-Haqq, See Haqq.
‘Ali, the Caliph, 50, 89, 153.
Ana ’l-Haqq, 150 ff.
Arabian Nights, the, 63.
‘Arafat, 91.
‘arif, 29.
Aristotle, 12.
Asceticism, 4, 5, 6, 10, 28 ff., 109.
Ash‘arites, the, 6.
‘Attar, Fariduddin, 106.
Audition, 63 ff. See sama‘.
Augustine, St., 118.
Avicenna, 145, 146.
awliya, 122.
Awtad, 124.

Baba Kuhi, 58.
Babism, 89.
Bactria, 16, 18.
Baghdad, 149, 157.
Balkh, 16.
baqa, 18, 61, 149, 159, 163, 164, 167.
Basra, 14.
Bayazid of Bistam, 17, 51, 57, 62, 108, 111, 112, 115, 126, 131,
  132, 159.
Bektashis, the, 95.
Bishr, 105.
Breath, practice of inhaling and exhaling the, 48.
Brown, J. P., 141.
Browne, Professor E. G., 110.
Buddha, 16, 17.
Buddhism, 16 ff., 48. See Nirvana.
Bulghar, 161.

Calendars, the, 90.
Celibacy, condemned by Mohammed, 5.
China, 161.
Christ, 82, 88. See Jesus.
{p. 174}
Christianity, 4, 5, 10 ff., 82, 111, 112, 151, 157.
Contemplation, 18, 31, 32, 53, 54 ff., 68.

Dancing, 63, 65, 66.
Dante, 100.
Dark Night of the Soul, the, 166.
Davids, Professor T. W. Rhys, 19.
Dawud al-Ta’i, 36.
Deification, 149 ff., 163.
dervish, 37.
Dervish Orders, the, 48, 95, 125, 130, 140 ff.
Dervishes, maxims for, 38, 39.
Devil. the, 49, 53, 69. See Iblis and Satan.
dhawq, 59.
dhikr, 10, 45 ff., 63.
Dhu ’l-Nun the Egyptian, 13, 65, 79, 116, 145.
Dionysius the Areopagite, 12 f., 112.
Directors, spiritual, 31, 32 ff., 89, 140 ff., 165.
Divan of Shamsi Tabriz, 95.

Eckhart, 118, 154.
Ecstasy, 59 ff., 118, 132, 133, 166. See fana.
Eden, 161.
Elias, 14.
Emanation, the theory of, 80, 96.
Emerson, 110.
Euchitæ, the, 11.
Evil, the unreality of, 94.
Evil, part of the divine order, 96 ff.
Evolution, of Man, 168.

fana, 17 ff., 28, 48, 59, 60 ff., 144, 149, 155 ff., 164, 165, 166.
fana al-fana, 61, 79.
fani, 155.
faqir, 37, 38.
firasat, 51.
FitzGerald, Edward, 97.
Frothingham. A. L., 12.
Fudayl ibn ‘Iyad, 109.

Gairdner, W. H. T., 16.
ghaybat, 59.
Ghaylan, 105.
Ghazali, 24, 46, 96.
Gnosis, the, 7, 14, 29, 30, 68 ff., 121, 164.
Gnosticism, 14 ff.
Goldziher, Professor I., 14, 16.
Gospel, the, 10.

Hafiz, 88, 102.
hal, 29, 59.
Hallaj, 40, 149 ff., 160.
Hamadhan, 108, 109.
haqiqat, 29, 79. See Truth, the.
Haqq=God, 1, 81. See Ana ’l-Haqq.
haqq, 164.
Hasan ‘Attar, Khwaja, 144.
hatif, 63.
Heart, the, a spiritual organ, 50, 68 ff.
Heaven and Hell, subjective, 97, 162.
Hierotheus, 12.
Hind, 105.
Hujwiri, 31, 32, 54, 63, 65, 92, 110, 123, 124, 126, 159, 160.
hulul, 150, 151, 154, 157.
Hululis, the, 151.
Husayn ibn Mansiir, 149. See Hallaj.
Hypnotism, 139 ff.

Iblis, 99. See Devil, the.
Ibn al-Anbari, 51.
Ibn al-‘Arabi, 87, 102, 103, 105, 111, 125, 155, 166.
Ibrahim ibn Adham, 14, 16.
ishan, 53.
Illumination, 7, 50 ff., 70.
‘ilm, 71.
Immortality, impersonal, 167, 168.
{p. 175}
Incarnation, 150, 151, 157. See hulul.
India, 16, 161.
Inge, Dr. W. R.. 112, 151, 154.
Iqbal, Shaikh Muhammad, 15.
‘Iraq, 161, 168.
Islam, relation of Sufism to, 19 ff., 71 ff., 86 ff.. 159, 160.
istinbat, 23, 24.
ittihad, 157, 158.

Jabarites, the, 6.
Jacob of Saruj, 12.
jadhbat, 59.
Jalaluddin Rumi, 25, 64, 67, 69, 95 ff., 105, 106, 107, 109, 113,
  116, 117, 118, 119, 125, 129, 132, 148, 152, 155, 161, 162, 168.
jam‘, 159.
Jami, 38, 66, 80, 81, 83, 106, 110, 142, 166.
Jesus, 10, 133, 150, 153, 157. See Christ.
Jews, the, 122.
Jinn, the, 132.
John, St., 82.
John Scotus Erigena, 12.
Joseph, 99, 116.
Journeys. mystical, 163, 164. See Path, the.
Junayd of Baghdad, 34, 35, 52, 88, 91, 112, 113, 131.

Ka‘ba. the, 58, 91, 92, 105, 116, 134.
karamat, 122, 129.
Karma, the doctrine of, 19.
Kashf al-Mahjub, 54, 63. See Hujwiri.
Khadir, 14, 113, 127 ff.
khirqat, 49.
Khizr, 127. See Khadir.
Khorasan, 161, 168.
Khurqani, See Abu ’l-Hasan Khurqani.
Kitab al-Luma‘, 28, 121, 130.
Kitab al-Tawasin, 150.
Knowledge of God. See Gnosis, the.
Knowledge, religious opposed to mystical, 71.
Koran, the, 4, 5, 21, 22, 23, 46, 50, 63, 93, 105, 111, 121,
  122, 127.
Koran, the, quotations from, 22, 45, 50, 51, 53, 56, 70, 88,
  98, 121, 122, 128, 129, 150, 152.
Koran, germs of mysticism in the, 21 f.

lahut, 150.
Lane, Edward, 45.
Law, the religious, 62, 86, 92 ff., 126, 127, 152, 163.
Layla, 116, 159.
Legend of the Moslem Saints, the, 21, 31, 108, 131.
Lives of the Saints, by Jami, 66. See Nafahat al-Uns.
Logos, the, 51, 82, 83.
Love, divine, 6, 8, 10, 45, 55, 80, 81, 84, 88, 101, 102 ff., 151, 160.
Lubna, 105.

Macdonald, Professor D. B., 23, 45, 46, 125, 141.
majdhub, 123.
Majduddin of Baghdad, 66.
Majnun, 116, 159.
Malik ibn Dinar, 36, 37.
Man, the final cause of the universe, 82.
Man, higher than the angels, 69.
Man, the microcosm, 84, 85, 97.
Man, the Perfect, 83, 163, 164, 165.
Mandæans, the, 14.
Mani, 14.
Manichæans, the, 14.
Mansur, 153. See Hallaj.
maqamat, 28.
{p. 176}
ma‘rifat, 29, 71. See Gnosis, the.
Maruf al-Karkhi, 14.
Marwa, 92.
Mary, 133.
Masnavi, the, 25, 64, 96, 132, 148. See Jalaluddin Rumi.
Massignon, L., 150, 151, 154, 155.
Mawaqif, the, 57. See Niffari.
Mayya, 105.
Mecca, 134.
Meditation, 48 f.
Mephistopheles, 58.
Messalians, the, 11.
Mina, 92.
Miracles, 122, 123, 129 ff., 138, 139 ff.
Mohammed, the Prophet, 5, 20, 21, 35, 39, 44, 49, 51, 52, 53, 68,
  70, 73, 82, 90, 93, 111, 129, 131, 141, 144, 164, 165. See
  Traditions of the Prophet.
Mohammed ibn ‘Ali Hakim, 143.
Mohammed ibn ‘Ulyan, 39.
Mohammed ibn Wasi‘, 36, 37, 55.
Molla-Shah, 141, 142.
More, Henry, 162.
Mortification, 36, 40 f.
Moses, 127 ff., 152.
mujizat, 129.
muraqabat, 48.
muraqqa‘at, 33, 49.
Murjites, the, 5.
murshid, 32, 140.
Music, 48, 63 ff.
Mu‘tazilites, the, 6.
Muzdalifa, 91.

Nafahat al-Uns, 166. See Lives of the Saints.
nafs, 39, 40.
Name, the Great, 14.
nasut, 150.
Neoplatonism, 12 f., 112.
Niffari, 57, 71, 72, 74, 85, 93, 155, 164.
Nirvana, 18 ff., 61, 149.
Nizamuddin Khamush, Mawlana, 143.
Noah, 153.
Nöldeke, Th., 3.
Not-being, the principle of evil, 94, 97.
Nuqaba, 124.
Nuri, 49, 51, 94, 107, 108.

Omar, the Caliph, 38.
Omar Khayyam, 97.

Pantheism, 8, 18, 21, 23, 79 ff., 109, 133 ff., 148 ff. See
  Unity, the divine.
Path, the, 28 ff., 163.
Paul, St., 12, 82.
Pentateuch, the, 22.
Personality, survival of, 167.
Phenomena, the nature of, 82.
Phenomena, a bridge to Reality, 109 f.
Philo, 22.
Pilgrimage, allegorical interpretation of the, 91.
pir, 32, 140.
Plato, 7, 12, 64.
Plotinus, 11, 12, 117.
Porphyry, 12.
Poverty, 36 ff.
Predestination, 4, 6, 36, 98.
Pre-existence of the soul, 15, 64, 116.
Proclus, 12.
Prophet, the. See Mohammed, the Prophet.
Prophets. the, 121, 122, 126, 129, 164.
Purgative Way, the, 32.
Pythagoras, 64.

Qadarites, the, 6.
Qadib al-Ban, 144.
qalb, 50, 68.
Qays, 105.
qibla, 134.
Quietism, 4. See Trust in God.
{p. 177}
Qushayri, 126, 130.
Qutb, 123, 124, 164, 165.

Rabi‘a, 4, 31, 115.
rahib, 10.
Raqqam, 107.
Reason, the Active, 151.
Recollection, 36, 45. See dhikr
Religion, all types of, are equal, 87.
Religion, positive. its relation to mysticism, 24, 71 ff. See
  Islam, relation of Sufism to.
Repentance, 30 ff.
rida, 41.
Rizwan, 161.
Rosaries, used by Sufis, 17.
ruh, 68.
Rumi, 153. See Jalaluddin Rumi.
Ruysbroeck, 151, 164.

Sabians, the, 14.
Sa‘duddin of Kashghar. Mawlana, 142.
Safa, 92.
Sahl ibn ‘Abdallah of Tustar, 46, 52, 56, 63, 130.
Saints, the Moslem, 120 ff.
Saintship, the doctrine of, 62, 120 ff.
Salaman, 116.
salik, 28.
sama‘, 59, 60, 63 ff.
Saqsin, 161.
Sari al-Saqati, 52, 54, 61, 113.
Satan, 32, 113. See Devil, the.
Sea, the Revelation of the, by Niffari, 74.
Self-annihilation, 140, 141, 168. See fana.
Shah al-Kirmani, 52.
Shaqiq of Balkh, 42, 43, 44.
Sheykh, the, 32 ff., 49, 140, 141. See Directors, spiritual.
Shibli, 34, 35, 48, 52, 55, 62, 116.
Shihabuddin Suhrawardi, 166.
Shi‘ites, the, 89.
shirb, 59.
siddiq, 14.
Sin, 30 ff.
Singing, 63 ff.
sirr, 68, 155.
Soul, the lower or appetitive, See nafs.
Spirit, the divine, 150, 151.
Spirit, the human, 51, 68.
Stages, mystical, 28 f., 41.
States, mystical, 29.
Stephen Bar Sudaili, 12.
Sufi, meaning and derivation of, 3.
Sufism, definitions of, 1, 14, 25 ff.
Sufism, the oldest form of, 4 f.
Sufism, the origin of, 8 ff.
Sufism, its relation to Islam, 19 ff., 71 ff., 86 ff., 159, 160.
sukr, 59.
Sunna, the, 73.
Symbolism, mystical, 28, 102 ff., 116, 117.

talib, 29.
tariqat, 27, 28.
Tauler, 151.
tawajjuh, 142, 143.
tawakkul, 41.
Tawakkul Beg, 141, 142,
Telekinesis, 145.
Telepathy, 120. See firasat.
Theology of Aristotle, the so-called, 12.
Tirmidh, 143.
Tora, the, 105.
Traditions of the Prophet, 23, 39, 44, 49, 51, 53, 54, 68, 80, 83, 100.
Transoxania, 16.
Trust in God, 36, 41 ff.
Truth, the, 29, 30, 79, 92 ff., 152, 163.

Underhil1, E., 164.
Union with God, 39, 159, 160. See Unitive State, the, and fana.
Unitive State, the, 148 ff.
{p. 178}
Unity, the divine, Sufistic theory of, 42, 79 ff., 98, 152, 154, 155.

Vedanta, the, 18.
Veils, the seventy thousand, doctrine of, 15 f.
Vision, spiritual, 50.

wajd, 59.
wali, 122, 123. See Saints, the Moslem.
waliyyat, 123.
waqfat, 58, 156.
waqif, 156, 165.
Wasit, 14.
Whinfield, E. H., 64, 132, 148.

yaqin, 50.
Yusuf, 116. See Joseph.

Zangi Bashgirdi, 66.
Zulaykha, 116.